In the context of profound international economic integration, it is anticipated that Vietnam’s livestock will be seriously affected by ‘new-generation’ free trade agreeements (FTA). This study calculated competitiveness indices (revealed comparative advantage, export share, export specialization, export potential) and compared some techical-economic indicators. The research result indicates that the competitiveness of the pig commodity is better than China’s but still lower than most countries in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and members of Vietnam-EU FTA (EVFTA). Meanwhile, poultry, meat cow and milk cow of Vietnam also have lower competitiveness compared to those of TPP and EVFTA members. Main reasons include the livestock sector is based on small and fragmented production scale, long value chain with participation of many stakeholders, low productivity and high production cost. On this basis, some policy recommedations are provided to improve the competitiveness of the livestock sector focusing on: (i ) supporting the livestock sector and farmers to mitigate the negative impacts of international economic integration (i.e. increasing competition from import products); and (ii) increase the competitiveness and exports of livestock products.

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